The study of land use is of great importance, particularly in Shahriar City. This research employed a descriptive–analytical and quantitative survey method using questionnaire tools. The sample size, determined by Cochran’s formula, included 355 participants, and systematic random sampling was applied. Factors such as age, proximity to the city, land area, and uneconomical agricultural practices have contributed to changes in land use. Data were collected through library and field methods and supplemented with a self-designed questionnaire using a Likert scale. Analysis was conducted using SPSS and GIS software. Reliability coefficients were reported as follows: social and cultural (0.71), human (0.77), geological and environmental (0.74), and economic (0.71). Expert opinions were also used to assess validity. The results indicate that Shahriar County, due to its proximity to Tehran, population growth, housing demand, market fluctuations, and the role of land brokers, has experienced extensive construction and agricultural land conversion. Improper soil management, including unsuitable plowing and overexploitation, has reduced soil fertility and productivity. Land use change represents a significant threat to the future of agriculture, which, if unmanaged, could lead to serious problems. Factor analysis revealed that production costs and low agricultural profitability, cultivation challenges, competing agricultural incomes, natural constraints, urban–rural inequalities, land slope, indigenous knowledge, distance to the city, population growth, and profiteering along the corridor are the key factors influencing land use change in the region.